The USDA released a much-anticipated study of food deserts today. The full study can be found here. Below are statements from PolicyLink and The Food Trust about the study.

Statement from PolicyLink President Judith Bell

“The new USDA food desert report provides yet another confirmation that access to healthy food is a significant problem for millions of Americans. The report shows that about one in every 13 Americans – 23.5 million people — live in low-income communities that are more than a mile from the nearest large grocery store.

As more than 70 studies have shown during the past decade, the lack of access to healthy food is a real challenge in many low-income urban communities, rural communities, and communities of color. This is a public health issue, plain and simple. As we demonstrated in the 2008 report, Designed for Disease: The Link Between Local Food Environments and Obesity and Diabetes, people living in neighborhoods crowded with fast-food and convenience stores but relatively few grocery or produce outlets have a significantly higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes. (The report was prepared by PolicyLink in partnership with the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research and the California Center for Public Health Advocacy).  Other studies demonstrate that in addition to providing access to healthy foods, supermarkets and large grocery stores are important neighborhood economic engines, bringing jobs and revitalization.

This USDA report adds to the growing body of research on the ways that where you live affects your health. Now is the time to implement proven, impactful policies to address America’s food desert crisis.”

Statement from John Weidman, Deputy Executive Director, The Food Trust

“Improving access to grocery stores in both urban and rural communities must be part of our national strategy to improve children’s health and prevent obesity and diabetes.  The Pennsylvania Fresh Food Financing Initiative has demonstrated that supermarkets can thrive in food deserts and offers a strong model for solving this problem nationally.   Expanding this program is one of the Top Ten recommendations of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Commission To Build a Healthier America.”

In findings that echo the results of the “Designed for Disease” report from last year, Berkeley and Columbia released a joint report today showing that kids who go to school in close proximity to fast food joints are at a much greater risk for obesity. The study looked at the obesity rates of 1 million California school children. The upshot from the LATimes:

The presence of an outlet within easy walking distance of a high school — about 530 feet or less — resulted in a 5.2% increase in the incidence of student obesity compared with the average for California youths, a correlation deemed “sizable” according to the findings.

The link vanished when these fast-food joints were located farther from campus, presumably because students couldn’t easily reach them. Nor was it present in schools located near full-service eateries, whose prices and service times don’t typically match student budgets, tastes or schedules.

“Fast food offers the most calories per price compared to other restaurants, and that’s combined with a high temptation factor for students,” said Stefano DellaVigna, a UC Berkeley economist and one of the paper’s authors.

The tool at walkscore.com has been touted by hipsters, realtors, and advocates alike for its usefulness in calculating how “walkable” a neighborhood is. The basic premise is that a high walk score indicates a good neighborhood because of its proximity (in walking distance) to grocery stores, restaurants, shops and other amenities. I agree wholly with the site that “buying a house in a walkable neighborhood is good for your health and good for the environment.”

However, there’s a significant challenge with this tool.

The walk score tabulation does not distinguish between grocery stores and liquor stores, nor does it recognize a full-service restaurant separate from a fast-food joint.

Yes, my North Oakland (Calif.) community gets a promising score of 75 out of 100–technically “very walkable.” But let me tell you, my neighborhood is rife with liquor stores—six in a half mile radius–and a KFC, Carl’s Jr. and McDonald’s are within blocks of each other and me. In fact, I’d have to walk at least 20 minutes to a full-service grocery store or produce market.

Using the Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) recently highlighted in the PolicyLink “Designed for Disease” report, I fall into the 28 percent of California adults who can’t even calculate how bad their food environment is because my home falls into the dismal category of having absolutely no access to produce or fresh food in walking distance.

The people at WalkScore do recognize the and highlight the positive health effects of living in a walkable neighborhood– and the limitations their data sets put on the score accuracy of a particular neighborhood. Most of the problems do seem to come from the way Google Maps organizes its data, rather than anything that WalkScore is doing.

The potential of this tool to highlight inequities is quite high. While no doubt cool, this tool needs a bit of a redesign to get to a neighborhood’s true “walkability.”

Check it out yourself (this is the map around our PolicyLink headquarters in downtown Oakland–apparently a “walker’s paradise”) :

Below is an excerpt from a post I wrote for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Commission to Build a Healthier America Leadership Blog. To read the full post, click here.

The type of community we live in clearly has a tremendous impact on our health. That is why I am so excited and inspired to be a part of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Commission to Build a Healthier America. By shining a light on the way our economic, social, and physical environments affect our health, the commission is helping to expand our national discussion on health beyond just health care.

Those key environmental effects are never more clear than in the neighborhoods loaded with unhealthier food options. In an era when we are acutely aware of the effect of our diets on our overall health, we are leaving millions of Americans adrift in neighborhoods where healthy eating is next to impossible. For many people, food “choices” are really nothing of the sort. People must first have a broad and healthy set of food options in order to be able to make healthy choices.

To learn more about the Commission and its mission, visit www.CommissionOnHealth.org